The pressure cooker, a staple in many modern kitchens, has a fascinating history that dates back over three centuries. The invention of the pressure cooker was a significant milestone in the world of cooking, bringing about a revolution in how we prepare food. It made it possible to cook food faster, save energy, and retain the nutrients in the food. But did you know that the initial purpose of the pressure cooker was not for cooking food?
Early History
Denis Papin’s Steam Digester
The story of the pressure cooker begins with a French physicist named Denis Papin. In 1679, he invented a device called the ‘Steam Digester,’ which is considered to be the precursor to the modern pressure cooker. Papin’s invention was a closed vessel with a tightly fitting lid that trapped steam inside, increasing the pressure and consequently the boiling point of the water. This device was initially intended to extract fat from bones, not for cooking food.
The Papin’s Digester
The Papin’s Digester was a simple device made of cast iron. It had a lid that was tightly secured with screws and a safety valve to release excess pressure. Although it was a revolutionary invention, it did not gain popularity during Papin’s lifetime. The concept of cooking under pressure was foreign and perhaps a bit frightening to people at that time. It wasn’t until the 19th century that the pressure cooker started to gain popularity.
19th Century Developments
Tinning and Canning
The 19th century saw significant developments in the design and functionality of the pressure cooker. The industrial revolution brought about advancements in metalworking, which made it possible to produce pressure cookers on a larger scale. The process of tinning, or coating the inside of the cooker with tin, made it more durable and resistant to corrosion.
During this time, the pressure cooker was primarily used for canning. The canning process involves placing food in jars or cans and then heating them to a high temperature to kill bacteria and other microorganisms. The pressure cooker made this process faster and more efficient.
Domestic Use and Popularity
It wasn’t until the late 19th century that the pressure cooker started to be used for cooking food in the domestic kitchen. Manufacturers started producing smaller, more user-friendly models that were suitable for home use. The pressure cooker became particularly popular in the United States during the Great Depression and World War II, as it allowed families to cook nutritious meals quickly and with less fuel.
20th Century Innovations
Safety Features
One of the significant developments in the 20th century was the addition of safety features. Earlier models of the pressure cooker did not have a way to release excess pressure, which made them prone to explosions. Manufacturers started adding safety valves and pressure regulators to make the device safer to use.
Electric Pressure Cookers
Another significant innovation was the introduction of electric pressure cookers in the 1990s. These devices have a built-in heating element and a digital control panel, making them more convenient and easier to use. The electric pressure cooker quickly gained popularity and became a staple in many kitchens worldwide.
Modern Day Pressure Cookers
Technological Advancements
Modern-day pressure cookers are equipped with various features that make them safer and more convenient to use. Most electric pressure cookers have multiple cooking functions, such as slow cooking, rice cooking, and yogurt making. They also have safety features like automatic pressure release and a locking lid that prevents the lid from being opened while under pressure.
Various Models and Features
Today, there are various models of pressure cookers available in the market, ranging from the basic stovetop models to the advanced electric models with smart features. Some electric pressure cookers can be controlled via a smartphone app, allowing you to start and stop cooking remotely.
Impact on Cooking
Convenience and Efficiency
The pressure cooker has had a significant impact on cooking by making it more convenient and efficient. It reduces cooking time by up to 70%, which is a huge time saver for busy people. It also uses less energy compared to traditional cooking methods, which is good for the environment and your wallet.
Nutrient Retention
Cooking under pressure helps retain the nutrients in the food. Since the cooking time is reduced, there is less time for the nutrients to break down. This results in healthier and more nutritious meals.
Conclusion
The pressure cooker has come a long way since its inception in the 17th century. From the simple steam digester invented by Denis Papin to the advanced electric models with smart features, the pressure cooker has evolved to become an indispensable kitchen appliance. It has made cooking more convenient and efficient, and has played a crucial role in promoting healthy eating by preserving the nutrients in the food.
FAQs
- Who invented the pressure cooker?
- The pressure cooker was invented by Denis Papin, a French physicist, in 1679. He invented a device called the ‘Steam Digester,’ which is considered to be the precursor to the modern pressure cooker.
- When did the pressure cooker become popular?
- The pressure cooker became popular in the United States during the Great Depression and World War II, as it allowed families to cook nutritious meals quickly and with less fuel.
- What are the benefits of cooking with a pressure cooker?
- Cooking with a pressure cooker is faster, more energy-efficient, and helps retain the nutrients in the food.
- Are electric pressure cookers safe?
- Yes, electric pressure cookers are equipped with various safety features, such as automatic pressure release and a locking lid, which make them safe to use.
- Can I use my pressure cooker for canning?
- It is not recommended to use a regular pressure cooker for canning. You should use a pressure canner, which is specifically designed for this purpose.
